Historical architecture building find one and compare to morden design Essay

Authentic engineering building discover one and contrast with morden structure - Essay Example Arranged in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain the Cathedral and the Prague moving house have certain calculated connections that make their examination one of a kind and intriguing. The house of prayer is the presumed internment spot of Saint James. Development started in 1075 under the rule of Alfonso VI of Castile (1040-1109) and the support of diocesan Diego Pelez. It was manufactured for the most part in rock. A mind boggling, misrepresented, and a practically whimsical style of surface design known as the Churrigueresque created. Among the features of the style, insides offer the absolute most noteworthy mixes of space and light in twelfth century Europe. Incorporating model and engineering considerably more profoundly, draftsmen Bernard the senior, and his aide Rotbertus, and, later perhaps, Esteban was accountable for the structure. The Western Faade of the house of prayer has been adorned and extended between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century in Late Baroque style (the churriguetesque style) by Fernando Casas y Nvoa somewhere in the range of 1738 and 1750 and is flanked by two medieval towers. He additionally developed and accomplished striking ch iaroscuro impacts in his straightforward compelling designs.3 Perhaps the main excellence of the house of God, be that as it may, is the twelfth century Portico da Gloria, behind the western veneer. This Portico da Gloria in the narthex of the west entrance is an embodiment of the Romanesque time frame, which joins brick work, curve, docks and the expansion of unadulterated geometrical structures. Along these lines the Church joins improvement of the Baroque style in it's numerous odd and even stages. The Churriguera promoted the mix of strict segments and composite request, the Churrigueresque segment, looking like upset cone or pillar, built up as a focal component of elaborate adornment and safeguarding of the Romanesque in its structures that were less wound in development or over the top ornamentation and influenced a neoclassical equalization and collectedness. The entire impact is one of extensive continuation and convoluted, unending in ornamentation and experimentation. The Great Curvature of dividers, especially in urban settings, is likely the most acclaimed of every Baroque innovation for communicating limitless space in the cutting edge structures of Frank Gehry4. Probably the most punctual case of this methodology, the outside divider takes on a curved structure, which communicates, and turns into a continuation of the inside space is set by the Church. Straight to the point Gehry's Dancing House also has this impact look like Baroque in their obsession with development and spatial illusions.5 Frank Gehry reflects enthusiasm for dynamic spatial and material structures. His own home in Santa Monica is an early case of the manner by which he shows basic structures to recommend insecurity, nature and development. This utilization of basic displaying makes the impact of Baroque, both in their geometric, unending surface subtleties, just as in their scholarly and expressionistic impacts. His objectives are sheer Baroque; they bestow development and through perspectival play, set up spatial deceptions, undermining the jargon of regular structures while pretty much going out mirrors a lady and man (Ginger Rogers and Fred Astair) moving together. Development is from 99 solid boards every one of various shape

Natural Selection and Darwin essays

Characteristic Selection and Darwin articles In Darwins time most researchers accepted that every life form and every adjustment was crafted by the maker., however speculations started to create by various antiquarians expressing that developmental changes were an impact to changes in nature. There were numerous purposes behind this, for example, geographical examinations were delighting that the earth was a lot more established than expressed in scriptural creation. Another explanation was the similitudes between various creatures. At the point when Darwin headed out to the Galapagos Islands he saw slight varieties that made tortoises from various islands particular. He additionally saw from island to island the huge number of finches had slight contrasts. Darwin likewise saw that they all appeared to look like the principle finch on the terrain of Equador. This perception had incredible impact of Darwins thinking and he started to plan his Theory. Darwins hypothesis of Evolution comprises of four fundamental parts. The first was that creatures have changed after some time and the ones living today are distinctive structure those of the past likewise numerous life forms have gotten wiped out over the long run. The subsequent part was that all creatures are determined by regular predecessors by the expanding procedure. Populaces split into various species yet they all have one normal predecessor. This piece of the hypothesis gave a clarification with respect to why comparable species would in general be in the equivalent geological territory. The third part expressed that change is continuous and moderate, occurring over an extensive stretch of time. This clarifies the way that no researcher has watched an abrupt appearance of another species. The fourth piece of this is the instrument of transformative change was characteristic determination. Normal Selection is a procedure that happens over progressive ages. Darwins had an inside and out thinking for how it functions. It begins with the explanation that if all the posterity that life forms can deliver were to endure and imitate they would before long invade the earth. To pre... <!

MIA Class President Greetings COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MIA Class President Greetings COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following is a greeting to recently admitted applicants from the MIA Class President, Brian Greer. First, congratulations on being admitted to SIPA.   I am honored that I have the opportunity to share with you some of the experiences I have had at one of the premier international relations/policy schools in the world.   Since January of 2011, I have served as president of the MIA class and co-president of the SIPA Student Association. During your research on International Affairs graduate programs, you probably have read a lot about the great academicians in residence at SIPA and the array of resources available to students at Columbia University. On our Web site and on the admissions blog you probably have heard a lot about New York City and the innumerable opportunities available to SIPA students. But since all that information is easy to find, I would like to tell you about my personal experiences that led to my decision to attend SIPA. Before I came to SIPA, I was undecided on which school to choose. But soon after admitted student’s day in April, my decision was made. A school with the word “International” in its name should be defined as such through the diversity of the student body and faculty. SIPA possesses both characteristics. I was astonished at the wide range of international students who were currently enrolled and that had applied. This was very important in my choice of a graduate program as my classmates are the one of the best parts of my program. I wanted to draw on different cultures and experiences that molded individuals from all across the world. After commencing with my studies, I could not have been more correct about the diversity of this program. My time at SIPA so far as allowed me to meet a vast array of people from different places and differing backgrounds. Specifically, students have worked in the banking sector, foreign governments, microcredit programs, development programs and conflict zones. The knowledge I have gained from my peers, in addition to an engaging classroom experience has created a perfect student experience. Furthermore, as a student at SIPA you have the opportunity to learn about new cultures in one of the greatest cities in world, as New York City continues to have countless things for you to do. The admissions office makes a point of bringing students to SIPA that are different, but who complement each other and this is what makes the SIPA experience distinct from what might be offered in other programs. Additionally, I have found that the administration is always open to suggestions about how to improve the school.   Although in many school settings it may seem like the decisions are made in the Office of the Dean and passed down to the students, at SIPA, the students are regularly asked for feedback about their classes, their career search, and their social life. As a representative of the school, the Deans are always open to listening to the concerns of the student body and do their best to tackle any potential issues. This constant interaction and communication only serves to improve life at SIPA for the student body. It’s difficult to know what to expect before you start going to a school. For this reason, I encourage you to use the tools the admissions office provides you with to have your questions answered.   One of these tools for admitted students is a message board that is made available after admission decisions go out.   Another is the Admitted Student Day in April. Interacting with students on the message board and at Admitted Student Day will allow you to talk with people who were in your shoes a year or two before and they can tell you why they made the choice to attend SIPA. I wish you all the best and hope to see you at SIPA next year! Warm Regards, Brian Greer

Essay on Affirmative Action and Racial Equality - 1467 Words

Affirmative Action and Racial Equality (1) Issue Identification Many individuals do not know the meaning of the term â€Å"affirmative action.† In order to clearly understand the issue, one must first know the necessary terms associated with it. Affirmative action is a term given to an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination (i.e. African Americans, Asians, etc.). For example, certain scholarships for African Americans can be regarded as affirmative action opportunities. Another example of affirmative action could be an institutional program designed for African Americans. So why is it important? Affirmative action policies and programs are designed to insure that qualified individuals of minority groups†¦show more content†¦No matter what skin color people have, people share similar dreams. With affirmative action, we have come a long way. However, we still see a strong need for it as discrimination still exists everywhere. (2) Evolution of the Controversy Furthermore, the root of affirmative action in the quest to promote equality can date back all the ways to 1961. In 1961, racism and discrimination were evident all throughout the United States. However in 1961, President John F. Kennedy first introduced the concept of affirmative action in executive order 10925. Later, it was enforced by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965 as he issued executive order 11246 which gave the Secretary of Labor responsibility for administration and enforcement of the order mandating that contractors not discriminate against any employees or qualified applicants because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Later, in 1967, he even amended it to include gender! President Johnson clearly saw the issue of discrimination in the work place and in the education system as he stated â€Å"this is the next and more preferred stage for the battle of civil rights† (Affirmative Action). Many would not make the argument discrimination did not exist in the time of President Johnson. However, many overlook the fact that it still exists today and how we still need affirmative action. Wouldn’t you find it extremely upsettingShow Mo reRelatedAffirmative Action : Racial Equality938 Words   |  4 PagesStephany Rodriguez Jeannie Daugherty College English January 21, 2015 Affirmative Action: Racial Equality As a senior in high school, college becomes more of a reality to me- meaning the hunt for the perfect university is approaching...fast. But, the real question is, what do I look for when it comes to my dream college? To my surprise, it’s not the typical campus size issue, but rather it was racial diversity. The bottom line is, I do not want to be placed in a class where I am surrounded byRead MoreArgumentative Essay - Affirmative Action1148 Words   |  5 Pagessocial policy known as affirmative action, the answer becomes unclear. Affirmative action is a product of the civil rights era, that time from the late 1950s through the 1960s when African Americans fought to live as equal citizens in the country of their birth (Maltz, Leora, 2005). After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. PresidentRead MoreEssay on We Still Need Affirmative Action512 Words   |  3 Pagesmovement shifted from the traditional aim of equality of opportunity through nondiscrimination alone to affirmative action to establish ‘goals and timetables’ to achieve absolute equality between blacks and whites† (Dye 253). These goals and timetables were cemented with Executive Order No. 11246, issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. This order is commonly referred to as the foundation for modern-day affirmative action programs. Today, affirmative action is a very controversial subject, withRead MoreThe Debate over Affirmative Action1307 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate over affirmative action. Although the United States has made great strides in improving race relations over the past forty years, affirmative action continues to be one of the most controversial policies in America. It has rattle the halls of higher education. It has appeared on the steps of the Supreme Court. And it has divided not o nly different racial groups, but even members of a single racial group. In fact, I’ve heard some of the most heated conversation over affirmative action between twoRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1309 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of racism dating back even before the Civil War. One of the fruition of these attempts is Affirmative Action, which was initially enforced â€Å"to ensure equality in hiring† among minorities. Later, Affirmative Action was amended to include education under its protection. Throughout its duration, however, it has alleviated the racial tension unsubstantially. Affirmative Action’s attempt to halt the racial disparities in higher education that has burdened the African Americans constitutes an inconsequentialRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Worst Form Of Inequality1388 Words   |  6 Pagesis to try to make unequal things equal.† Racial discrimination occurs everyday to many different people. In America,the individuals who are usually discriminated against are the minorities like African Americans and Hispanics. Affirmative action is a policy that was created and has been claimed to be positive discrimination. The policy was created to give equal opportunity to groups of people who are usually discriminated against. Although Affirmative action has been named to be positive and supportRead MoreWe Do NOT Need Affirmative Action Essay549 Words   |  3 Pages    Affirmative Action is steps that are taken to ensure that the opportunities are equal between minorities and others. There have been many heated debates over this issue, and maybe the worst is yet to come. Some might feel it is necessary because they feel opportunities are not equal for minorities. Many people believe that gaps need to be closed between minorities and others, but there is a difference in the method. I feel the current method is not constitutional, lawful, and not provenRead MoreAffirmative Action : How It Impacted The American Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract There are many supporters and opponents of Affirmative Action. The focus of Affirmative action is meant to be an attempt at equality throughout society. Every sector in America would be equal and unprejudiced. On the other hand, adopting affirmative action would force many employers to replace hard-working employees with those possibly less qualified simply due to their gender or ethnicity. Throughout history, people have been categorized into different groups. These groupings were basedRead MoreAffirmative Action: Equality for All? Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action: Equality for All? Affirmative action in the United States has become a misused and misguided practice in modern times. In the current form of affirmative action, it is impossible to create a truly equal society. It was originally used as an equal opportunity measure to allow qualified minorities into positions they were denied because of race. However, affirmative action has become a system of racial quotas that lowers standards for minority applicants in order to give them

Case Study of PG (Marketing Issues) - 913 Words

| Case 5: Pamp;G | | ------------------------------------------------- Company Background Porter and Gamble (Pamp;G), founded in 1837, is one of the biggest consumer goods company over the world. Pamp;G sells shampoos, baby care products, medicine and food etc. It not only diversified the product range but also the product width. Therefore, Pamp;G has several brands under one single category but aimed with different customer segments. Pamp;G is also famous for its innovative and customer-oriented approaches. For example, it designed one kind of shampoo which is suitable for Japanese. With the competitive advantages above, Pamp;G was developing with an appealing growth rate and became one of the top 500 companies†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, as the purchasing power of the bottom of pyramid was low, what they need was purely the basic functions of the products. Therefore, the company must learn the new target customers very well. The company hired many local employees who definitely understand the environment and living styles. Moreover, such strategies could make its promotion going deeper in the markets. Thought the number of audiences of every road show is limited, those who actual attended would get free samples. Then, they would tell their friends or relativities about how useful the products are. The effect of word-of-mouth would occur. ------------------------------------------------- Problems of the marketing strategies Everything has its down side. The marketing strategies Pamp;G used were largely required time and resources. Such high investment was at risk. On the other hand, since Pamp;G had a well-known image of premium class targeted, entering the low-end markets may lead confusion to its existing customers. In other words, there may lead some losses on original area of business. ------------------------------------------------- Recommendations Although in the rural area, residents earned just around $2 a day. Pamp;G should not continue on the same strategy to them. The economy of China is growing with a high rate. Therefore, people living in countryside are expected to earn much more than current situation. The purchasing powerShow MoreRelatedP G Korea - Detergent Division Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesPG Korea Case Study The main issue of the PG Korea case is centered around the question of market share. PG and Unilever are the two major market shareholders in the Korean detergent industry holding 80-85% of the total market share. The remaining 15-20% of the market is held by low-priced local Korean brands. There are no new markets either company can tap for further market share since most Korean households already use laundry detergent, making the market saturated. Other than peripheralRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Procter Gamble856 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Analysis Procter Gamble (P G) Proctor and Gamble is an American corporation dealing in consumer products. The company markets its range of goods to different global regions having expanded to new markets over time. Among the consumer products offered by Procter and Gamble include cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care supplies among other products (Proctor Gamble Company Case Study Analysis, 2016). The corporation prides itself on innovations and collaborations asRead MorePg Japan1454 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduced by Durk Jager, Pamp;G’s new CEO, Paolo de Cesare is transferred to Japan, where he takes over the recently turned-around beauty care business. Within the familiar Max Factor portfolio he inherits is SK-II, a fast-growing, highly profitable skin care product developed in Japan. Priced at over $100 a bottle, this is not a typical Pamp;G product, but its successful introduction in Taiwan and Hong Kong has de Cesare thinking the brand has global potential. As the case closes, he is questioningRead MoreCase Study PG Sk-Ii Product in Japan and East Asia1527 Words   |  7 PagesPamp;G Japan SK-II Case Study Up to 1984, Pamp;G’s Japanese operation was a failure due to the following reasons: 1. Pamp;G did not take the time to determine the local needs based on the culture and common practices amongst the Japanese people. The product development was based on Western markets and it was assumed that it would streamline itself to other areas of the world. An example cited in this case study was the use of tap water for laundry washes without implementing aRead MoreTambrands Overcoming1063 Words   |  5 Pagesabout a buyout and announced a $1.85 billion deal. This deal has put PG back on the market for selling tampons since 1980. This was a positive step because not only does PG get to market this product with feminine hygiene products already being sold, they are a company that has grown drastically with the production of other incontinence products such as diapers. â€Å"Becoming part of PG—a world-class company with global marketing and distribution capabilities—will accelerate the global growth of TampaxRead MoreEssay about PG Case Study916 Words   |  4 PagesIn this case of Procter and Gamble (Pamp;G) and Wal-Mart’s partnership, the main issue seemed to be caused by a third-part company’s collaboration with Wal-Mart which interfered the healthy partnership between Pamp;G and Wal-Mart, also threatened Pamp;G’s leading position in the diaper market. Pamp;G’s diaper brand – Pampers has been the industrial leader in the relevant segment for years. Pamp;G has been developing a long-established partnership with Wal-Mart based on a just-in-time orderingRead MoreCulture Mistakes by Pizza Hut1311 Words   |  6 Pages  Effective Supply Chain Management (Movahedi et al., 2009, defining supply chain management, evolution of supply chain studies Lambert, 2008) mentioned by Cooper et. al., 1997 Enclyclopedia of e-commerce (2009), definition of supply chain management 2007 – Springer; J Oleskow, M Fertsch, P Golinska, data mining as the efficient tool for the effective supply chain integration LIU.,F; study and explore the supply chain base on CRM, 10 Mar 2011   Tseng, D. S., Cox, E., Plane, M. B. and Hla, K. M. (2001)Read MoreFashion Industry Imc Campaign Lisa Brown1114 Words   |  5 PagesINTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS CAMPAIGN PROPOSAL     Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign Overview for Lisa Brown    1   |   P a g e                 Overview As   a   small   boutique   designer   label,   Lisa   Brown   has   limited   resources   to   implement   a   detailed    marketing   plan.   However,   in   such   a   competitive   environment,   it   is   increasingly   importantRead MoreGlobal Market Research Case Study Analysis: Sperry/MacLennan1354 Words   |  6 PagesMarket Research Case Study Analysis: Sperry/MacLennan The Business Dictionary defines opportunity as an â€Å"exploitable set of circumstances with uncertain outcome, requiring commitment of resources and involving exposure to risk† (Opportunity, 2012, para. 1). To grow and prosper, an organization needs to seek continually opportunities to do so; thus the subject of the case study â€Å"Sperry/MacLennan Architects and Planners† (Aaker, Kumar, Day, 2007, pp. 72-75). In this case study, Sperry/MacLennanRead MoreUnit 1 Case Study1731 Words   |  7 PagesHit for Marketing Research? Unit 1 – Case Study – American Idol: A Big Hit for Marketing Research? Comprehensive Critical Thinking Kinjal Mistry California Intercontinental University Dated: 10th July15 Author Note Kinjal R Mistry, California Intercontinental University Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kinjal R Mistry, 1913 Key St, Maumee OH-43537 Contact Email – kinjalm17@gmail.com Contact Phone – 631-394-7810 Page |2 American Idol: A Big Hit for Marketing Research

Catholic Sacraments Free Essays

string(181) " the Catholic Church mentions in the following orders different names of the sacrament, calling it the sacrament of conversion, Penance, confession, forgiveness and Reconciliation\." The Sacraments of the Catholic Church are, the Church teaches, efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us. The visible rites by which the sacraments are celebrated signify and make present the graces proper to each sacrament. They bear fruit in those who receive them with the required dispositions. We will write a custom essay sample on Catholic Sacraments or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Though not every individual has to receive every sacrament[-0], the Church affirms that, for believers as a whole, the sacraments are necessary for salvation, as the modes of grace divinely instituted by Christ[-1] Himself. Through each of them Christ bestows that sacrament’s particular grace, such as incorporation into Christ and the Church, forgiveness of sins, or consecration for a particular service. The Church teaches that the effect of a sacrament comes by the very fact of being administered, regardless of the personal holiness of the minister administering it. However, a recipient’s own lack of proper disposition to receive the grace conveyed can block the effectiveness of the sacrament in that person. The sacraments presuppose faith and through their words and ritual elements, nourish, strengthen and give expression to faith. The Catechism of the Catholic Church[-2] lists the sacraments as follows: â€Å"The whole liturgical life of the Church revolves around the Eucharistic sacrifice and the sacraments. There are seven sacraments in the Church: Baptism[-3], Confirmation[-4], Eucharist[-5], Penance[-6], Anointing of the Sick[-7], Holy Orders[-8], and Matrimony[-9]. † Baptism[-10] is the first and basic sacrament of Christian initiation. Baptism is usually conferred today by pouring water three times on the recipient’s head, while reciting the baptismal formula: â€Å"I baptize you in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit[-11]. † The ordinary minister of the sacrament is a bishop or priest, or a deacon. In case of necessity[-12], anyone intending to do what the Church does, even if that person is not a Christian, can baptize. The sacrament frees from original sin[-13] and all personal sins, and from the punishment ue to them. Baptism makes the person share in the Trinitarian life of God through â€Å"sanctifying grace[-;14]†, the grace of justification that incorporates the person into the body of Christ and his Church, also making the person a sharer in the priesthood of Christ. It imparts the theological virtues[-15]: faith[-16], hope[-17], and charity[-18] and the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and marks the baptized person with a spiritual seal or character that indicates pe rmanent belonging to Christ. Baptism is the foundation of communion between all Christians. The many symbols of baptism include a white garment, symbolizing innocence and purity, a candle, symbolizing the Light of Christ, the Oil of Chrism, which is used to anoint the baby or candidate being baptized, and the water, which symbolizes cleansing and the washing away of sin. Confirmation is the second sacrament of Christian initiation. It is called Confirmation because it confirms and strengthens baptismal grace. It is conferred by â€Å"the anointing[-;19] with Sacred Chrism[-;20], which is oil mixed with balsam and consecrated by the bishop, which is done by the laying on of the hand of the minister who pronounces the sacramental words proper to the rite. These words refer to a gift of the Holy Spirit[-;21] that marks the recipient as with a seal. Through the sacrament the grace given in baptism is strengthened and deepened. Like baptism, confirmation may be received only once, and the recipient must be in a state of grace meaning free from any known unconfessed mortal sin[-;22] in order to receive its effects. The originating minister of the sacrament is a validly consecrated bishop[-;23]; if a priest confers the sacrament and in special cases, the link with the higher order is indicated by the use of oil blessed[-;24] by the bishop on Holy Thursday[-;25] itself or on a day close to it. In the East, which retains the ancient practice, the sacrament is administered by the parish priest immediately after baptism. In the West, where administration is normally reserved for those who can understand its significance, it came to be postponed until the recipient’s early adulthood; but in view of the earlier age at which children are now admitted to reception of the Eucharist, it is more and more restored to the traditional order and administered before giving the third sacrament of Christian initiation. The Eucharist is the sacrament, the third of Christian initiation, completes Christian initiation by which Catholics partake of the Body and Blood of Jesus[-26] Christ and participate in his one sacrifice. The first of these two aspects of the sacrament is also called Holy Communion. The bread which must be wheaten and wine which must be from grapes used in the Eucharistic rite are, in Catholic faith, transformed in all but appearance into the Body and Blood of Christ, a change that is called transubstantiation[-27]. That is, Catholics believe they are sacramentally, though not physically, eating and drinking the human flesh and blood of Jesus Christ. Only a bishop[-28] or priest[-29] is enabled to be a minister of the Eucharist, acting in the person of Christ himself. Deacons[-30] as well as priests are ordinary ministers of Holy Communion, and lay people may be authorized in limited circumstances to act as extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion. The Eucharist is seen as â€Å"the source and summit† of Christian living, the high point of God’s sanctifying action on the faithful and of their worship of God, the point of contact between them and the liturgy of heaven. So important is it that participation in the Eucharistic celebration is seen as obligatory on every Sunday and holy day of obligation[-;31] and is recommended on other days. Also recommended for those who participate in the Mass is reception, with the proper dispositions, of Holy Communion. This is seen as obligatory at least once a year, during Eastertide. The Sacrament of Penance is the first of two sacraments of healing. The Catechism of the Catholic Church mentions in the following orders different names of the sacrament, calling it the sacrament of conversion, Penance, confession, forgiveness and Reconciliation. You read "Catholic Sacraments" in category "Papers" It is the sacrament of spiritual healing for a baptized person from the distancing from God resulting from sins committed. If a man sins after baptism, he cannot have baptism as a remedy; Baptism, which is a spiritual regeneration, cannot be given a second time. Reconciliation involves four elements: Contrition the Penitent’s sincere remorse for wrongdoing or sin, repentance, without which the rite has no effect; Confession to a Priest with the faculty to hear confessions while it may be spiritually helpful to confess to another, only a Priest has the power to administer the sacrament, Absolution by the Priest, and, Satisfaction or Penance. Many sins wrong our neighbor. One must do what is possible in order to repair the harm. Simple justice requires as much. But sin also injures and weakens the sinner himself, as well as his relationships with God and neighbor. Absolution takes away sin, but it does not remedy all the disorders sin has caused. Raised up from sin, the sinner must still recover his full spiritual health by doing something more to make amends for the sin: he must make satisfaction for or expiate his sins. This satisfaction is also called penance. In early Christian centuries, this element of satisfaction was quite onerous and generally preceded absolution, but now it usually involves a simple task for the penitent to perform, to make some reparation and as a medicinal means of strengthening against further temptation. The priest is bound by the seal of confession[-32], which is inviolable. Accordingly, it is absolutely wrong for a confessor in any way to betray the penitent, for any reason whatsoever, whether by word or in any other fashion. A confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal incurs an automatic excommunication whose lifting is reserved to the Holy See[-33]. In some dioceses, certain sins are reserved which means only certain confessors can absolve them. Some sins, such as violation of the sacramental seal, consecration of bishops without authorization by the Holy See, direct physical attacks on the Pope[-34], and intentional desecration of the Eucharist are reserved to the Holy See. A special case-by-case faculty from the Sacred Penitentiary[-35] is normally required to absolve these sins. Anointing of the Sick[-36] is the second sacrament of healing. In this sacrament a priest anoints the sick with oil blessed specifically for that purpose. The anointing of the sick can be administered to any member of the faithful who, having reached the use of reason, begins to be in danger by reason of illness or old age. A new illness or a worsening of health enables a person to receive the sacrament a further time. When, in the Western Church, the sacrament was conferred only on those in immediate danger of death, it came to be known as Extreme Unction[-37], Final Anointing, administered as one of the Last Rites. The other Last Rites are Confession if the dying person is physically unable to confess, at least absolution, conditional on the existence of contrition, is given, and the Eucharist, which when administered to the dying is known as Viaticum[-38], a word whose original meaning in Latin[-39] was provision for a journey. Holy Orders[-40] is the sacrament by which a man is made a bishop[-41], a priest[-42], or a deacon[-43], and thus dedicated to be an image of Christ[-44]. A bishop is the minister of this sacrament. Ordination as a bishop confers the fullness of the sacrament, making the bishop a member of the body of successors of the Apostles, and giving him the mission to teach, sanctify, and govern, along with the care of all the Churches. Ordination as a priest configures the priest to Christ the Head of the Church and the one essential High Priest, and conferring on him the power, as the bishops’ assistant, to celebrate the sacraments and other liturgical acts, especially the Eucharist. Ordination as a deacon configures the deacon to Christ the Servant of All, placing him at the service of the bishop, especially in the Church’s exercising of Christian charity towards the poor and preaching of the word of God. Aspirants to the priesthood are required by canon law[-45] to go through a seminary[-46] program that includes, as well as graduate level philosophical and theological studies, a formation program that includes spiritual direction[-47], retreats[-48], apostolate experience, etc. The course of studies in preparation for ordination as a permanent deacon is decided by the Episcopal conference[-49] concerned. Matrimony[-50], or Marriage, like Holy Orders, is a sacrament that consecrates for a particular mission in building up the Church, and that provides grace for accomplishing that mission. This sacrament, seen as a sign of the love uniting Christ and the Church, establishes between the spouses a permanent and exclusive bond, sealed by God. Accordingly, a marriage between baptized[-51] people, validly entered into and consummated, cannot be dissolved. The sacrament confers on them the grace they need for attaining holiness in their married life and for responsible acceptance and upbringing of their children. As a condition for validity, the sacrament is celebrated in the presence of the local Ordinary[-52] or Parish Priest[-53] or of a cleric delegated by them or in certain limited circumstances a lay person delegated by the diocesan Bishop with the approval of the Episcopal Conference[-54] and the permission of the Holy See[-55] and at least two other witnesses, though in the theological tradition of the Latin Church the ministers of the sacrament are the couple themselves. For a valid marriage, a man and a woman must express their conscious and free consent to a definitive self-giving to the other, excluding none of the essential properties and aims of marriage. If one of the two is a non-Catholic Christian, their marriage is licit only if the permission of the competent authority of the Catholic Church is obtained. If one of the two is not a Christian, the competent authority’s dispensation is necessary for validity. How to cite Catholic Sacraments, Papers

Business Capstone Project Process Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project Process Perspective. Answer: Introduction: The current literature consists of developing a comprehensive literature review regarding the topic What factors influence the purchase of organic food ways Rosebery residents in Sydney NSW? In the present literature, the three different hypothesises have been framed by the researcher to evaluate the topic critically. At the same time, the strengths and weakness have been mentioned by the scholar as well. Altogether three problems have been framed to cover the current literature review. The three different phrases used in the current research are as follows: The organic food consumption pattern of the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW Organic foods purchase pattern of Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW The factors influencing the purchase of organic food by the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW The current thesis statement of the study is The demographic and social factors are the primary drivers behind the increased organic food purchase intention of the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW. Literature Review: The current organic food consumption pattern of the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW: Hypothesis: The organic food consumption pattern in Rosebery Residents is increasing The organic food consumers in Australia are increasing drastically. Smithand Paladino (2010) stated that the segmentation had been based upon the demographic factors such as food oriented lifestyles, attitudes towards organic food and the frequency of the purchasing the organic food. The socioeconomic profile of the organic food consumer indicates that the customers reach the age 30s and have no children intends to purchase organic food for the betterment of the health (Kriwy and Mecking, 2011). Also, more than 44.1% of women respondents prefer to consume certified organic food compared to the 33.8% of the men (Lyons, 2006). On the other hand, the Australian food news also indicates that the Australian certified retail market is expected to continue growth in the organic food production (Lobo et al. 2013). The website also states that 69% of the primary shoppers prefer to bring at least one certified organic products in the past one year (ausfoodnews.com.au, 2016). It has also been estimated that the Australian organic market is now estimated to be worth $200 million. The Australian food news also indicates that Australia has one of the largest natural lands in the world, which is more than 22 million hectares (ausfoodnews.com.au, 2016). Between the FY 2011-2014, there had been a 53% increase in certified organic land area. The food department of Australia also states that the consumption pattern in the organic food is framing a record growth across all regions of Australia (Zepeda and Deal, 2009). On the other hand, the past literature also indicates that around 60% of the customers purchase organic products (ausfoodnews.com.au, 2016). However, the overall sales volume of the organic product is less than 1%. In this regards Agnieszka Hłobił (2010) stated that the consumption of organic food products varies from one region to another due to the changes in the preferences of the consumers. Maye et al. (2007) also stated that the consumption pattern is fluctuating in nature. The article also provides a comparative study regarding the trend of conventional and organic farming to improve the health sustainability of the community. This study indirectly links the impact of producing a greater degree of biological products on the consumption pattern of the city (Wood et al. 2006). It has been identified that the production of the organic products is prioritised to reduce the environmental impacts that occur from the manufacture of the conventional products (Grnhj, 2006). Thus, the availability of more organic product will automatically redirect the customers to shift into the purchase of natural products. The current organic food purchase pattern of the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW: Hypothesis: The organic food purchase pattern in Rosebery Residents is increasing: The current journal indicates that people from the 50-69 years age group prefer to buy organic foods. On the other hand, it has been identified that most 10.3% of the overall Australian population purchases organic foods from the retailers (Thoegersen, 2006). However, Pearson Et al. (2010) stated that survey report published in FY 2016 indicates that almost 57.7% of the customers rarely purchase the organic food, due to the cost involvement and taste factors. Mainly taste and health protection have been identified as the prime motivators for a definite purchase intention of the organic food. Also, the current journal also indicates that more than 70% of the total population somewhat interested in buying organic foods, while 10.4% consumers are not at all interested to buy the organic food. Therefore, the strength of the current literature is its descriptive analysis regarding the consumer purchase pattern for the organic foods. Overall methodological aspects have also been mentioned explicitly. On the other hand, the report published by the Age innovators also indicates that the organic grain production has been increased by 20%, and the sales value has improved by 67% (ww.aginnovators.org.au, 2016). Thus, it is evident that the consumer purchase pattern is growing towards the organic food products (Paul and Rana, 2012). The Australian Organics Market Report 2014 draws on six years of comparative consumer data gathered by the Mobium Group indicates that Australian customers are aware regarding the fruitfulness of the organic products and improved the purchase intention as well. Therefore, it can be considered as a major strength of the source. The data gathered from the organic food production report also indicates that the certified organic operators in NSW have been increased from 688 to 1068 within a span of 10 years starting from the FY 2002-FY2011 (austorganic.com, 2016).The value of the organic market sector is also 25% in the NSW, which is the second largest in the overall country (Karlse et al. 2013). The consumer purchase intention is found greatest in the Queensland region, followed by the NSW (www.aginnovators.org.au, 2016). Finally, natural news states that the Australian organic food market gets 15% increment each year due to the changing purchase pattern of the consumers (www.naturalnews.com, 2016). The certified organic products are preferred by the majority of the customers. The factors influencing the purchase of organic food by the Rosebery Residents in Sydney NSW: Hypothesis: The demographic, food quality and health issues are the primary drivers for consuming natural food products The analysis of the past literature indicates that the perceived food quality and the demographic factors significantly influence the purchase intention towards the natural food product. In this context, Monier et al. (2013) stated that the intrinsic quality cues depict the freshness of the outputs, which attracts the customer towards the product. On the other hand, Paladino and Baggiere (2008) stated that the ageing population is also an important factor for influencing the customer purchase intention towards the organic products. However, the environmental concerns and the animal right issues are also impacting to a large extent on the natural food shopping behaviour. The literature regarding the Transtheoretical model of changing behaviour also indicates that positive buying behaviour of a region influences other community to opt for the similar health products (www.aihw.gov.au, 2016). The purchase conduct of the Queensland community has affected the inhabitants of NSW, due to whi ch the purchase intention has been increased from the previous scenario. Also, the majority of mid age customers prefers to consume organic food products to resolve the health issues. The overall purchase intention has become 35%, which was lesser in the FY 2012-2014 (www.aihw.gov.au, 2016). Therefore, the demographic, social and health related issues significantly influence the organic product purchase behaviour of the community of NSW. Conclusion: The current study indicates that every hypothesis has been justified by utilising a set of past literature and the online sources. Different sources have been used as secondary data to cover the current literature. Considering the first hypothesis, the journals and articles used have been fund potential enough to address the hypothesis. No such major weakness has been found in the current article as the present appetite for the organic food has been demonstrated concerning facts and past data. However, the data source mentioning the competitive study among the production of biological and conventional food fails to satisfy the hypothesis. This is the weakness of the data. However, the current literature significantly discussed the organic food consumption pattern of the developed countries including Australia. Thus, the availability of the facts can be considered a major strength of the secondary sources. While addressing the second hypothesis, it has been identified that every source potentially discusses regarding the purchase pattern of the consumers of NSW towards the organic food products. Therefore, it could be considered as the primary strength of the journals. On the other hand, no such weakness has been observed from the secondary sources that have been used to satisfy the second hypothesis. Finally, the address of hypothesis three has been made in a potential way. The majority of the sources also provides a longitudinal study related to the demographic and social factors influencing the overall purchase behaviour towards the organic products. Also, these resources also adequately address the behavioural insights of the inhabitants of NSW towards buying the organic food products. The overall methodological perspectives and the data analysis have been made in a potential way to address the current thesis statement. Therefore, the overall hypothesis analysis indicates that the current thesis statement has been addressed in the current study. References: (No Date) Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au /WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10737422837 (Accessed: 31 August 2016). (No Date) Available at: https://www.naturalnews.com/048100_organic_food_GMOs_Australia.html (Accessed: 31 August 2016). Agnieszka Hłobił, K. (2010), Ecological education for sustainable development theory and practice, Problems of Sustainable Development, 5(2), pp. 87-94 Biological Farmers of Australia Ltd (2012) Australian organic market report 2012 1. Available at: https://austorganic.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Organic-market-report-2012-web.pdf (Accessed: 31 August 2016). Design (2016) Australias appetite for organic foods at record levels. Available at: https://ausfoodnews.com.au/2014/12/10/australias-appetite-for-organic-foods-at-record-levels.html (Accessed: 31 August 2016). Grnhj, A. (2006), Communication about consumption: a family process perspective on green consumer practices, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(6), pp. 491-503 Karlsen, K.M., Dreyer, B., Olsen, P. and Elvevoll, E.O. (2013) Literature review: Does a common theoretical framework to implement food traceability exist?, Food Control, 32(2), pp. 409417. Kriwy, P. and Mecking, R. (2011). Health and environmental consciousness, costs of behaviour and the purchase of organic food.International Journal of Consumer Studies, 36(1), pp.30-37. Lobo, A., Mascitelli, B. and Chen, J. (2013). Opportunities for small and medium enterprises in the innovation and marketing of organic food: investigating consumers purchase behaviour of organic food products in Victoria, Australia.AI Soc, 29(3), pp.311-322. Lyons, K. (2006) Environmental values and food choices: Views from Australian organic food consumers, Journal of Australian Studies, 30(87), pp. 155166. Maye, D., Holloway, L. and Kneafsey, M. (2007). Alternative food geographies. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Monier, S., Hassan, D., Nichle, V. and Simioni, M. (2013) Organic food consumption patterns: Journal of agricultural food industrial organization, Journal of Agricultural Food Industrial Organization, 7(2), pp. 1228. Paladino, A. and Baggiere, J. (2008), Are we green? An empirical investigation of renewable electricity consumption, European Advances in Consumer Research, 8, pp. 340 Paul, J. and Rana, J. (2012) Consumer behavior and purchase intention for organic food, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(6), pp. 412422. Pearson, L.J., Park, S., Harman, B. and Heyenga, S. (2010) Sustainable land use scenario framework: Framework and outcomes from peri-urban south-east Queensland, Australia, Landscape and Urban Planning, 96(2), pp. 8897. Smith, S. and Paladino, A. (2010) Eating clean and green? Investigating consumer motivations towards the purchase of organic food, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 18(2), pp. 93104. Thoegersen, J. (2006), Media attention and the market for green consumer products, Business Strategy and the Environment, V15(3), pp. 20-50 White, M. (no date) 6 booming Australian organics sectors $1.7 Billion reasons to get in the market. Available at: https://www.aginnovators.org.au/news/6-booming-aussie-organics-sectors-%E2%80%93-and-why-cleaner-greener-farmers-are-raking-it (Accessed: 31 August 2016). Wood, R., Lenzen, M., Dey, C. and Lundie, S. (2006) A comparative study of some environmental impacts of conventional and organic farming in Australia, Agricultural Systems, 89(2-3), pp. 324348. Zepeda, L. and Deal, D. (2009). Organic and local food consumer behaviour: Alphabet Theory.International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(6), pp.697-705.